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O Observatório G foi pesquisar e traz pra você uma difundida curiosidade em torno do número 24 e sua associação aos gays. A explicação mais comum é que 24 é o número do veado no jogo do bicho, contravenção que foi muito popular no Brasil. Some people may say that 24 is associated with gayness because in the jogo do bicho the 24 is the number of the deer, and deer in portuguese is spelled "veado", similar to "viado" a.k.a "fag".
Os episódios ilustram algo que pode soar bizarro mundo afora, mas encontra terreno fértil no Brasil: a estapafúrdia existência de um número gay. Ela envolve altas doses de preconceito, muitas vezes dentro do aparente gracejo inofensivo que ajuda a perpetuar a prática. Todo mundo sabe que o número 24 é associado a gays, mas poucas pessoas sabem de onde que surgiu essa história. Então vamos descobrir qual é esse mistério.
24 é o número popular no Brasil que tem referência aos gays. Isso tudo é devido ao jogo do bicho onde cada bicho representa um número e o 24 é o número do veado (gíria para gays no Brasil). Sexualized drug use SDU to enhance and extend sexual relations may involve risks of substances abuse intoxication, interactions and overdose and higher exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. There are inconsistencies in the methodology and findings of previous research on SDU in Latin America LA , and more studies are required.
The purpose of this research was to characterize SDU in gay men and other men who have sex with men from 18 LA countries, and describe the aspects by comparing people who practice and do not practice SDU, at the general and country levels. A descriptive analysis was carried out, comparing those who practiced and did not practice SDU.
LAMIS included 64, participants, averaging 30 years of age. In the last sexual encounter the most commonly used drugs were cannabis 9. Severe anxiety-depression symptoms were more common among people practicing SDU 9. SDU was reported by a high percentage of people, with a predominance of the use of drugs related to sexual practice, and others for recreational use. Aspects described as the higher proportion of self-reported HIV diagnosis and severe symptoms of anxiety-depression among those who practiced SDU, show that is necessary to implement preventive strategies to reduce the harmful impacts that can sometimes result from this practice, including harm reduction policies, promote access to mental health services and support in situations of homophobia and stigma.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Drug use is a multidimensional phenomenon that covers a wide spectrum of scenarios, ranging from recreational use of psychoactive substances PS to their abuse [ 1 ].
Drug consumption in Latin America LA is mainly seen in young men, with cannabis and cocaine being the most prevalent illicitly used drugs [ 2 ]. In the case of recreational cannabis use, consumption in men and women has increased during the last decades although the gender gap persists , which could be related to a decrease in the perception of risk or an increase in the perception of ease access [ 3 ].
Historically, the approach toward drug use has been correlated with socio-political criteria [ 4 ] with a wide range of perspectives, such as following the philosophy of prevention [ 5 ], penalizing consumption using a prohibitionist legal approach [ 6 ]; undergoing harm reduction [ 7 ] focusing on interventions aimed at reducing health damage [ 8 ], via syringe exchange programs [ 9 ], supervising consumption rooms [ 10 , 11 ] and providing methadone treatments [ 12 ], among others methods.
Perspectives such as management of risk and pleasure that emphasizes the pleasure associated with drug use have recently been incorporated [ 13 ] with the developed strategies to minimize the risks associated to drug consumption [ 14 ], regulate consumption behavior using knowledge, self-control, and self-efficacy [ 15 ]. However, there has recently been a certain degree of open-mindedness toward the decriminalization of the possession and consumption of certain substances mainly for cannabis [ 18 ].
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Uruguay stands out for regulating and legalizing cannabis [ 19 ], while the few harm reduction strategies have had to coexist with the prevailing prohibitionism [ 20 ]; strategies that focus primarily on smokable cocaine crack and cocaine base paste [ 21 ]. Gay men and other men who have sex with men MSM constitute a key population in efforts against HIV, where the transmission of the virus is favored by aspects of sexual health, individual behaviors such as alcohol and drug consumption and phenomena such as discrimination and criminalization [ 22 ].
Chemsex is defined as the intentional use of drugs by gay men and other MSM to enhance and extend their sexual relations often with multiple partners [ 23 ], entailing the risks of substances abuse intoxication, interactions, and overdose and higher exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections STIs [ 24 ]. Determining the prevalence of this phenomenon in LA is a complex task, owing to the lack of information and the methodological differences among studies that hinder the comparison of their results.
From the perspective of the social determinants of health [ 31 ], multiple factors should be considered while studying the SDU in LA context, due to the deployment of axes of inequality that determine differences among people in a variety of aspects such as education, employment, living conditions, work, etc. The differences create a social gradient that entails health consequences for those who practice SDU [ 32 ], for which the analysis of these sociodemographic aspects is necessary for the study of a phenomenon that is multidimensional.
In addition, it is important to consider the influence of persistent social phenomena in the region, such as the stigma associated with HIV, gender identity and sexual orientation, which may be related with the use of PS and a greater burden of disease in gay men and other MSM. These factors create a syndemic process from the interacting phenomena that becomes mutually enhancing, affecting the health of the people [ 33 ].
The purpose of this research was to characterize SDU in gay men and other MSM from 18 LA countries, and describe the sociodemographic, socioepidemiological and psychosocial aspects by comparing people who practice and do not practice SDU, at the general and country levels. Consequently, this research hopes to contribute to public health providing detailed information on an emerging phenomenon whose characteristics and impact on the population are still unknown, constituting a possible input for future health policies in the region.
The included population comprised gay men and other MSM who were 18 or older and resided in one of the 18 participating countries. The online questionnaire used for the study was adapted from the EMIS [ 35 ]. The questionnaire comprised closed and multiple choice questions that were aimed at obtaining sociodemographic information and indicators for monitoring and planning prevention programs for health and risk behavior of gay men and other MSM.
The survey was available in three different languages: Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch. Promotion and recruitment of participants was carried out from January 24 to May 13, , using mobile dating applications for men, web pages, social networks, clinics, NGOs, organizations and leisure places commonly visited by the study population.
For online promotion, different images and banners dynamic and static were created in the three study languages using a common base graphic that was modified according to the language and colors used in each participating country.